The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.